Asthma in South Asia: What's Changing from 1990 to 2021?

Asthma has been a growing health concern in South Asia over the past three decades. While the global trend shows a decrease in age-standardized prevalence rates, South Asia is witnessing an increase in both incidence and mortality. This study aims to shed light on these trends by examining data from 1990 to 2021. It focuses on key metrics like prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across South Asian countries. The research also delves into how risk factors such as high body mass index (BMI), smoking, and workplace exposures influence asthma outcomes. Why is asthma becoming more of a problem in South Asia? One major factor is the rise in obesity. As more people become overweight, the prevalence of asthma goes up. Smoking is another significant risk factor. Despite global anti-smoking campaigns, the habit remains common in South Asia. Lastly, occupational exposures to harmful substances play a crucial role. Workers in industries like textiles, manufacturing, and agriculture are particularly vulnerable. The study’s findings could help policymakers and healthcare professionals better understand the issue. This, in turn, could lead to more targeted interventions. For instance, promoting healthier lifestyles, enforcing stricter smoking regulations, and improving workplace safety could all help reduce the burden of asthma.