Cattle in Crisis: The Hidden Costs of Lumpy Skin Disease

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a viral infection that is spreading quickly around the world. It mainly affects cows and buffaloes, causing fever, skin nodules, swollen lymph nodes, and reduced milk production. While it doesn't usually kill many animals, it can infect entire herds, leading to big economic problems in countries that rely on livestock. From 2005 to 2020, there were over 41, 000 outbreaks worldwide. Africa had the most, with nearly 30, 000 cases, followed by Asia with 8, 800 and Europe with 2, 400. In 2022, India faced a severe outbreak that affected 2. 4 million cattle and caused over 110, 000 deaths. The economic loss was estimated at over $60 million USD. The disease spreads through direct contact, contaminated equipment, and insects like mosquitoes and ticks. Some insects, like Aedes aegypti and Stomoxys calcitrans, are particularly effective at spreading the virus. Additionally, new strains of the virus can emerge when vaccine strains mix with wild strains. To control LSD, scientists use various diagnostic tools like PCR, LAMP, and NGS. Vaccines are also available, but there are still gaps in surveillance, infrastructure, and access to diagnostics, especially in developing countries. Experts emphasize the need for region-specific vaccine strategies and better vector control. LSD is more than just an animal health issue. It impacts rural livelihoods, food security, and economic stability. Addressing this disease is crucial for the well-being of both animals and people.