Nigeria's Hidden Mosquito Menace: The Overlooked Spread of Secondary Vectors

Nigeria is usually in the spotlight for its primary malaria vectors, but there's another side to the story. Secondary mosquito species have been quietly gaining ground. These lesser-known mosquitoes have been flying under the radar, but their role in spreading malaria is becoming more significant. To shed light on this, a recent effort mapped out where these secondary vectors might be lurking. The study zeroed in on mosquitoes beyond the usual suspects, the Anopheles gambiae complex. It was a massive undertaking, spanning 20 states and 2020 to 2022. Over 100, 000 mosquitoes were collected and identified. The goal was to figure out where these secondary vectors might be spreading under current weather conditions. The team used 23 different environmental factors to create maps showing the potential whereabouts of four key secondary vector species. The findings were interesting. An. funestus, An. coustani, An. maculipalpis, and An. rufipes were the most commonly found. These species seemed to prefer the northern parts of the country, but they were also present in the south, just in fewer spots but in higher numbers. The models suggested that An. funestus, An. maculipalpis, and An. rufipes had a bigger range than An. coustani. Overall, these secondary vectors could be found almost everywhere in Nigeria, with temperature playing a bigger role in their spread than rainfall. This information is crucial for planning. It gives researchers and decision-makers a starting point for keeping an eye on these mosquitoes and coming up with strategies to control them. It's a reminder that when it comes to malaria, there's more than meets the eye. The fight against malaria in Nigeria needs to consider these secondary vectors. It's not just about the usual suspects anymore. The battle is bigger and more complex than previously thought.