Plastic vs. Traditional: How Containers Change Mongolia's Airag Microbiome

Mongolia's nomadic households have long produced airag, a unique fermented mare's milk. Recently, plastic containers are replacing the traditional cow skin khokhuur. Scientists wondered, "How does this change affect airag's microbiome and flavor? " They collected airag samples from both plastic containers and khokhuurs from three houses in Mogod Sum. Plastic containers retained more heat and boosted lactate production, keeping airag's pH level lower. But, the microbiome diversity was higher in airag from khokhuurs. Lactobacillus helveticus dominated both types, but airag from khokhuurs had more diverse lactic acid bacteria and environmental bacteria. The khokhuur might introduce these bacterial species, creating a unique niche. The wider temperature range might also help these bacteria thrive. This could make airag from khokhuurs tastier and healthier.