Unpacking 401(k)s: What You Need to Know About Retirement Savings

Retirement planning can be confusing, especially when it comes to 401(k) plans. Many workers start their careers without fully understanding how these plans work or how to make the most of them. Financial expert Dave Ramsey often addresses these concerns, helping people navigate their retirement savings options. A recent TikTok video featured Ramsey explaining the basics of 401(k) plans to a caller who was concerned about the performance of his company's plan. Ramsey clarified that the 401(k) itself is not an investment but rather a tax-advantaged account where investments can grow. The performance issues likely stem from the specific investments chosen within the 401(k), not the plan itself. Ramsey emphasizes the importance of making informed decisions about retirement savings. He warns that relying heavily on a 401(k) for retirement requires careful consideration of investment choices. A 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement savings program that allows employees to contribute a portion of their wages to a retirement account. There are two main types of 401(k) plans: Traditional and Roth. Traditional 401(k)s use pre-tax income for contributions, reducing taxable income and deferring taxes until withdrawal. Roth 401(k)s, on the other hand, use after-tax income, offering tax-free growth and withdrawals in retirement. Ramsey recommends the Roth option for its long-term tax benefits. Early withdrawals from a 401(k) can be costly. Withdrawing before age 59-and-a-half typically incurs income tax and a 10% penalty. Ramsey advises against this, as it can significantly impact long-term financial health and miss out on potential investment growth. Understanding the differences between Traditional and Roth 401(k)s is crucial. Traditional plans offer immediate tax benefits, while Roth plans provide tax-free withdrawals in retirement. Employer contributions to a Roth 401(k) are treated differently, with taxes owed on withdrawals. Ramsey's advice highlights the importance of making smart investment choices and avoiding early withdrawals. By understanding the basics of 401(k) plans, workers can make informed decisions that secure their financial future.