Photosystem II (PSII) in peas has a surprising ability to speed up water oxidation. This is due to a high level of carbonic anhydrase activity. Scientists used a special fluorescent dye called pyranine to measure this activity. The results were astonishing. The activity was much higher than previous
Indoor court-based team sports are tough. They demand a lot from athletes. Unlike outdoor sports, these indoor games have smaller fields, harder surfaces, and more frequent matches. This makes the fatigue response different. It's important to study this separately. Researchers dug through l
Over the past 540 million years, our planet has experienced some serious chill. Two major cold snaps, including the one we're in right now, have lasted for millions of years. These icy periods, known as icehouses, have puzzled scientists for a long time. They know that these cold spells are linked t
Diabetic wounds are tough to heal. They often get infected and have poor blood flow. This is because of too much sugar in the wound area. A special enzyme, glucose oxidase, can break down sugar into simpler parts. This makes it a good tool to control the sugar levels in these wounds. But, using this
Food scientists have discovered a fascinating way to improve how we deliver nutrients and compounds into our bodies. They've been exploring how sound waves and certain chemicals can work together to create stable and effective delivery systems. This isn't about enzymes or heat, but rather a process
When we think about doctors, we often picture them as professionals who treat patients. But have you ever wondered how patients view doctors online? It turns out that online reviews can reveal interesting patterns. These reviews often focus on how doctors interact with patients and how skilled the
Biliary tract cancer is a tough opponent. Chemotherapy has improved outcomes, but managing blocked bile ducts is a challenge. Two methods stand out for placing stents in these blocked ducts: side-by-side (SBS) and stent-in-stent (SIS). Let's talk about stents. They are tiny tubes that keep ducts
Nanoparticles, or NPs, are tiny particles used in medicine to deliver drugs. Their shape can greatly affect how they work in the body. Scientists looked at three different shapes: spheres, worms, and bubbles, all loaded with a special light-sensitive drug called chlorin e6. They wanted to see how th
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that affects movement and muscle tone. It is caused by damage that occurs to the immature brain as it develops, most often before birth. It is a lifelong condition. It is important to understand the pain experiences of adults with CP. This is because pain can grea
The US has been busy making changes to how electronic nicotine delivery systems, or ENDS, are sold and marketed. First, a nicotine warning statement became mandatory in September 2018. This was a big deal because it meant companies had to clearly state the risks of nicotine. Then, in December 2019,
