The world inside a cell is complex. It is filled with tiny parts called RNA and proteins. These parts work together in ways that are crucial for life. Scientists have long wanted to understand how these parts interact. This is not easy. Traditional methods often use a process called crosslinking. Th
First, let us understand the big picture. Immunotherapy has transformed the way doctors fight advanced liver cancer. This is great news. However, it is not all sunshine and roses. These treatments can cause serious heart problems. These issues can make the treatment less effective. Doctors cal
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, and they are always changing shape. Why they do this has been a mystery. Scientists looked at yeast cells growing in different foods. They found that the shape of mitochondria and their activity do not go hand in hand. Cells can have different mitochondrial
Cancer cells are sneaky. They find ways to sneak into blood vessels, and this is how they spread. This process is called intravasation. It's tricky to study because it's hard to recreate in a lab. But now, there's a new tool called INVADE. It's a tiny, clever device that mimics how blood vessels wor
Liver cancer, known as hepatocellular carcinoma or HCC, is a tough opponent. It hits hard and often goes undetected until it's too late. When it's caught early, treatment can be very effective. But sadly, most people find out about it when it's already advanced. This makes it a big problem for famil
Liver cancer is a serious issue. Doctors use special tests to spot it. One such test is a biopsy. There are different types of biopsies. Two common ones are fine needle aspiration and core biopsies. Both collect tiny bits of tissue from the liver. These bits are then checked under a microscope. A n
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a deadly cancer that is often caught too late. This is because it doesn't show clear signs early on and doctors don't have good tests to spot it early. But there's a new hope on the horizon. Researchers have found a way to use something called "junk DNA" to detect this c
In Africa, liver cancer is a big problem. It is often linked to hepatitis B. This virus is very common in sub-Saharan Africa. It is the main cause of liver cancer in this region. There are differences in cancer rates between rural and urban areas. This is true in many parts of the world. However, n
The gut is a crucial player in the immune system. It is no secret that modern life throws a lot of challenges at it. Stress, poor diet, and lack of exercise can all take a toll. This can make the body more vulnerable to infections and long-term health issues. Probiotics are a type of good bacter
The story of life on Earth is full of twists. One big surprise is how tiny, single-celled organisms can band together. This teamwork is common in eukaryotes, the group that includes plants and animals. It's rare in bacteria and was thought to be almost unheard of in archaea, another type of singl
