UREMIC TOXINS

The study looks back at how scientists have talked about kidney toxins over more than three decades. It tracks articles published from 1991 to 2024, showing how interest in these substances has risen. The work identifies which countries and institutions publish most papers, pointing out leadin

Hemodialysis patients often face a heart condition called left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). This is where the left ventricle of the heart gets thickened and enlarged. One potential culprit could be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a toxin that builds up in patients with kidney issues like those on hemo